Global Trends and Burden of Diabetes Mellitus (DM): A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Health Disparities, and Future Projections

Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents one of the most pressing global public health challenges, with rapidly increasing prevalence, substantial morbidity and mortality, and profound socioeconomic consequences. The rising burden of diabetes is driven by demographic transitions, lifestyle changes, urbanization, and persistent health inequities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The worldwide health problem known as diabetes mellitus (DM) affects people through its growing prevalence which leads to severe health problems and death while creating major economic difficulties for society. The increasing diabetes burden results from demographic shifts and changes in physical activity patterns and the development of cities and the ongoing existence of health disparities which mainly affect people in low- and middle-income nations.

The review aims to create a complete summary of existing research which examines diabetes mellitus (DM) global patterns and its impact on different regions and identifies primary risk factors and assesses the disease impact and current clinical trials and patent research and future preventive methods and treatment strategies. The researchers performed a narrative literature review by utilizing major scientific databases together with official global health reports from the World Health Organization and International Diabetes Federation and Global Burden of Disease study. The researchers examined and combined peer-reviewed articles together with epidemiological studies and clinical trial data and pertinent patent documents which had been published in the last few years.